The term “High Base Number Sulfurized Calcium Alkyl Phenol” refers to a detergent additive commonly used in engine oils and industrial lubricants. Below is a detailed breakdown of what it is, how it functions, and where it’s used.
🧪 What is High Base Number Sulfurized Calcium Alkyl Phenol?
It’s a metallic detergent additive, typically produced by sulfurizing an alkyl phenol, then neutralizing it with calcium hydroxide or oxide and overbasing it with carbon dioxide and more calcium.
✅ Structure Overview
| Component | Role |
|---|---|
| Alkyl phenol | Organic base, oil-soluble, provides solubility |
| Sulfur | Improves load-carrying and antioxidant properties |
| Calcium | Provides basicity and neutralization ability |
| Carbonate complex | Suspended as colloids (in overbased versions), gives high base number |
📏 Base Number (BN)
- Measured in mg KOH/g
- High BN: Typically 200–400 mg KOH/g
- The higher the BN, the more acid-neutralizing capacity the additive has
- Important for:
- Combating acidic byproducts in combustion (SOx, NOx)
- Prolonging oil life in high-sulfur fuel environments (e.g., marine engines)
⚙️ Key Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| 🧼 Detergency | Keeps metal surfaces clean by preventing deposit formation |
| 🧪 Neutralization | Neutralizes strong acids (like sulfuric acid) from fuel combustion |
| 🔧 Rust prevention | Helps protect surfaces from corrosion |
| 🔥 Thermal stability | Sulfur improves oxidative resistance at high temperatures |
🛢️ Applications
| Use Case | Description |
|---|---|
| Diesel engine oils (HDDEO) | Especially in marine, rail, or off-road engines using high-sulfur fuel |
| TBN boosters | Used as a component additive in formulating high-BN engine oils |
| Marine cylinder oils | Protects from cold corrosion due to sulfuric acid |
| Gas engines | For applications with acidic gas contamination (e.g., landfill gas) |
📦 Typical Product Names
From companies like Shanghai Minglan, Lubrizol, Infineum, or Afton, you might find:
| Product Code | Description |
|---|---|
| T106A / T106D | High BN (300–400) calcium sulfurized alkyl phenate |
| Calcium Phenate 400BN | Overbased version with strong detergent/acid-neutralizing power |
| Calcium Sulfonate / Phenate combo | Used in synergy in modern formulations |
⚠️ Considerations
- Ash Content: High-BN calcium phenates increase sulfated ash → not ideal for low-SAPS (low ash) oils.
- Compatibility: Must be compatible with dispersants, ZDDP, and other detergents.
- Environmental: New regulations (e.g., IMO 2020) reduce the need for high-BN oils in some marine applications.
✅ Summary Table
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Function | Detergent, neutralizer, rust inhibitor |
| Base Number | 200–400 mg KOH/g |
| Key Elements | Calcium, sulfur, alkyl phenol |
| Applications | Marine, diesel engines, gas engines |
| Form | Oil-soluble concentrate, typically in Group I/II oil |
Would you like a sample formulation showing how to use this additive in an engine oil blend? Or help sourcing a specific product like T106D or similar?
A “High Base Number Sulfurized Calcium Alkyl Phenol” typically refers to a specific type of lubricant additive used in engine oils and industrial lubricants. Let’s break down the components of this term:
- High Base Number (HBN):
- The term “High Base Number” refers to the alkalinity of the additive. Base number is a measure of the reserve alkalinity in the oil, indicating its ability to neutralize acids formed during the combustion process. A high base number is often desired for applications where extended oil drain intervals are required.
- Sulfurized Calcium Alkyl Phenol:
- This part of the term describes the chemical composition of the additive:
- Sulfurized: Indicates that sulfur has been introduced into the compound, often to enhance certain properties such as extreme pressure protection.
- Calcium Alkyl Phenol: Describes the base compound, which typically includes calcium, alkyl groups, and a phenolic structure.
- This part of the term describes the chemical composition of the additive:
Functions and Characteristics:
- Extreme Pressure (EP) Protection: Sulfurized additives are often used in lubricants to provide enhanced extreme pressure protection, especially in high-pressure areas of machinery or engines.
- Antiwear Properties: The sulfurized compound can form a protective film on metal surfaces, reducing friction and wear.
- Oxidation and Corrosion Inhibition: The additive may contribute to oxidation stability, preventing the oil from oxidizing and forming harmful deposits. It may also provide corrosion protection for metal surfaces.
- Detergency and Dispersancy: The calcium-based component may contribute to detergency and dispersancy, helping to keep the engine or machinery clean by preventing deposits and sludge formation.
It’s important to note that specific formulations and concentrations of additives, including High Base Number Sulfurized Calcium Alkyl Phenol, can vary among lubricant manufacturers and different lubricant formulations. Lubricant formulators carefully select and blend additives to meet the requirements of different engines, operating conditions, and industry standards.
Users should follow the manufacturer’s recommendations and specifications for the proper use and concentration of lubricant additives to ensure optimal performance and protection against wear and corrosion. Technical data sheets and product documentation from the manufacturer can provide detailed information on the characteristics and benefits of specific additives.
An example of a high base number sulfurized calcium alkyl phenol would be Calcium 12-hydroxystearate. It is used in metalworking fluids and lubricants to provide good lubricity and extreme pressure properties. It acts as an anti-wear, anti-corrosion, and anti-friction additive.
High Base Number Sulfurized Calcium Alkyl Phenol is a type of lubricant additive that enhances the performance of lubricants, particularly in high-temperature and high-pressure applications. It is typically used in industrial, automotive, and marine lubricants.
The main component of High Base Number Sulfurized Calcium Alkyl Phenol is calcium alkyl phenate, which is derived from phenolic compounds and reacted with calcium hydroxide. The resulting product has a high base number, indicating a high level of alkalinity and neutralization capacity.
High Base Number Sulfurized Calcium Alkyl Phenol can be used in a variety of lubricant formulations, including engine oils, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and industrial lubricants. It is typically added at a recommended treat rate to achieve the desired performance benefits.
Overall, High Base Number Sulfurized Calcium Alkyl Phenol is a high-performance lubricant additive that offers detergency, dispersancy, extreme-pressure performance, and corrosion protection. It is particularly suitable for demanding applications where high temperatures, pressures, and contamination are present.
High Base Number Sulfurized Calcium Alkyl Phenol (HBNSCAP) is a versatile and potent lubricant additive used in various oils and fluids, particularly for demanding applications requiring strong detergency and anti-oxidation properties. Here’s a breakdown of its key characteristics and functions:
Composition:
- HBNSCAP is a complex molecule formed by reacting alkyl phenol (derived from alcohols) with calcium oxide or hydroxide, followed by sulfurization.
- This process creates a calcium sulfonate structure with a high concentration of active elements contributing to its performance.
Key functionalities:
- High Total Base Number (TBN): HBNSCAP typically has a TBN exceeding 250 mg KOH/g, making it highly effective in neutralizing acidic combustion byproducts generated in engines, especially diesel engines. This neutralization action protects engine components from corrosion and wear.
- Excellent detergency and dispersancy: HBNSCAP effectively removes and keeps contaminants like soot, sludge, and varnish in suspension, preventing them from depositing on engine parts and causing wear or blocking oil passages.
- Oxidation inhibition: HBNSCAP contains antioxidant properties that help prevent oil degradation from oxidation, extending oil life and maintaining viscosity for optimal lubrication.
- Anti-wear and anti-foam: Some HBNSCAP formulations might incorporate additional functionalities like anti-wear additives for further protection and anti-foam agents to maintain proper lubrication at high operating temperatures.
Applications of HBNSCAP:
- High-performance engine oils: Widely used in heavy-duty diesel engine oils and high-performance gasoline engine oils to combat acidic byproducts, ensure cleanliness, and extend oil life.
- Hydraulic fluids: Employed in some hydraulic fluids operating under high pressures and temperatures, requiring efficient detergency and oxidation control.
- Industrial gear oils: Found in some industrial gear oils to maintain cleanliness, prevent wear, and protect components from acidic environments.
Considerations when using HBNSCAP:
- Compatibility: Ensure HBNSCAP is compatible with other components in the oil or fluid to avoid unwanted interactions and potential performance issues.
- TBN selection: Choose the appropriate TBN level based on the needs of your application and the level of acidic byproducts generated. Excessive TBN might not be necessary or could even be detrimental in some cases.
- Environmental impact: While offering excellent performance, some HBNSCAP formulations might have higher sulfur content, raising concerns about their environmental impact. Consider environmentally friendly alternatives when possible.
Benefits:
- Reduced engine wear and tear
- Improved engine cleanliness
- Extended oil life
- Improved fuel efficiency (due to reduced friction)
- Reduced emissions (through cleaner combustion)
Potential drawbacks:
- Can be more expensive than other lubricant additives
- May not be compatible with all types of oil blends
- Environmental concerns due to sulfur content in some formulations
Additional considerations:
- The specific properties and performance of HBNSCAP can vary depending on the specific formulation and manufacturing process.
- Always consult the product datasheet or seek expert advice to ensure compatibility with your application.
- Follow appropriate disposal and handling guidelines for HBNSCAP due to its potential environmental impact.
Conclusion:
HBNSCAP is a valuable lubricant additive offering exceptional detergency, anti-oxidation, and acid neutralization capabilities. Its high TBN and multi-functional properties make it ideal for demanding applications. However, compatibility, TBN selection, and environmental considerations are crucial factors when choosing HBNSCAP or similar additives for your specific needs.
Feel free to ask further questions about specific HBNSCAP formulations, its performance compared to alternative additives, or any other aspect of its use in lubricants and industrial fluids! I’m happy to assist you in exploring this complex domain and finding the best solutions for your needs.
Calcium is often used as a metal detergent in lubricating oils. It reacts with acidic combustion by-products to form calcium sulfonates, which are soluble in oil and can be removed during oil changes, preventing the buildup of harmful deposits.
In summary, “High Base Number Sulfurized Calcium Alkyl Phenol” is an additive formulation designed to provide lubricating oils with enhanced alkalinity, anti-wear, detergent, and dispersant properties, contributing to improved engine protection and performance.