When sulfonic acid, base oil, concentrated acetic acid, acetic acid, calcium carbonate and distilled water are mixed, a series of complex chemical reactions may occur. The specific products generated depend on the reaction conditions (such as temperature, stirring, reaction time) and the ratio of each component.
The following are the main reactions that may occur and the products generated:
- Reaction of sulfonic acid and calcium carbonate
- Sulfonic acid (R-SO₃H) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) react to neutralize and generate calcium sulfonate, carbon dioxide and water:
- 2R−SO3H+CaCO3→(R−SO3)2Ca+CO2+H2O
- Products: calcium sulfonate (oil-soluble or partially water-soluble), as well as carbon dioxide gas and water.
- Sulfonic acid (R-SO₃H) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) react to neutralize and generate calcium sulfonate, carbon dioxide and water:
- Reaction of acetic acid and calcium carbonate
- Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) reacts with calcium carbonate to produce calcium acetate, carbon dioxide and water:
- 2CH3COOH+CaCO3→(CH3COO)2Ca+CO2+H2O
- Products: calcium acetate (usually water-soluble), as well as carbon dioxide gas and water.
- Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) reacts with calcium carbonate to produce calcium acetate, carbon dioxide and water:
- Mixed action of sulfonic acid and acetic acid
- If there is an excess of acetic acid in the reaction environment, the acidic effect of sulfonic acid may be suppressed, forming a complex mixed system, but it is unlikely to form a chemically bonded product.
- Dissolution of calcium carbonate and generation of by-products
- Calcium carbonate may react with sulfonic acid and acetic acid at the same time, but in the mixed solution, due to the presence of water, carbon dioxide gas will be further released, changing the pH value of the system. The amount of calcium carbonate affects the final equilibrium of the reaction.
- The role of base oil
- The base oil itself does not participate in the chemical reaction, but acts as a medium to disperse sulfonic acid and other reactants. The final products may be distributed between the oil phase and the water phase:
- Calcium sulfonate may be dissolved in the oil phase.
- Calcium acetate may exist in the water phase.
- The base oil itself does not participate in the chemical reaction, but acts as a medium to disperse sulfonic acid and other reactants. The final products may be distributed between the oil phase and the water phase:
- The influence of distilled water
- Water, as a solvent, will accelerate the dissolution and reaction rate of the reactants, while promoting the escape of carbon dioxide. Ultimately, water will cause some products (such as calcium acetate) to favor the water phase.
Possible total products
Calcium sulfonate (oil-soluble or partially water-soluble).
Calcium acetate (water-soluble).
Carbon dioxide (gas).
Water (solvent).
The main products of this mixed system are calcium sulfonate and calcium acetate, which will be distributed in the oil phase and the water phase respectively. At the same time, a large amount of carbon dioxide gas will be produced, so it is necessary to pay attention to the pressure changes of the system and exhaust treatment. If your goal is to prepare a specific additive, such as a calcium-based detergent, you can optimize the reaction conditions (such as temperature, calcium carbonate ratio) to obtain the target product.
Here is the method:
Raw material addition:
Weigh 485 grams of sulfonic acid and put it in a heat-resistant glass container.
Weigh 500 grams of mineral oil (base oil) and add it to the solution.
Heating and stirring:
Place the container on warm oil and make sure the temperature is 50 degrees Celsius. Gently stir the solution.
Add a compressive agent:
We need a compressive agent, which can be any combination of hydroxyl family 2 to 7, especially concentrated acetic acid.
Weigh 20g of acetic acid and slowly add it to the solution. This process takes at least 20 minutes.
Add calcium carbonate:
Weigh 3mol of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is equivalent to 400g. Add a small amount of calcium carbonate to the solution and stir well.
Continue stirring and heating:
After sufficient stirring, the solution will settle down and return to a liquid state.
Calcium carbonate finishing:
After all the calcium carbonate is added, continue stirring and increase the temperature to 80 degrees Celsius.
Remove acetic acid:
Weigh 20g of distilled water and slowly add it to the solution.
Conclusion:
Water replaces acetic acid in the mixture and in the process, carbon dioxide is removed.