Detergent dispersant liquid is a liquid detergent designed to break up and suspend dirt and oils so that they can easily be washed away without leaving residues. This type of cleaner is a strong surfactant, or surface-active agent, and helps to loosen and lift dirt, oils, and other debris. It can be used on a range of surfaces, including fabrics, floors, windows, and vehicles. The dispersant liquid’s property of suspending solids makes it useful for cleaning industrial and commercial surfaces. It is also used in cleaning equipment, such as oil and gas pipelines, tanks, and wells.
Table of Contents
Detergent dispersants include two types: detergents and dispersants. Mainly used for internal combustion engine oil (gasoline engine oil, diesel engine oil, railway diesel locomotive oil, two-stroke gasoline engine oil, and marine engine oil). Its main function is to keep the interior of the engine clean, so that the insoluble substances generated are in a colloidal suspension state, and do not further form carbon deposits, paint films, or sludge. Specifically, its effects can be divided into four aspects: acid neutralization, solubilization, dispersion, and washing.
1) Acid neutralization:
detergent dispersants generally have certain alkalinity, some even high alkalinity. They can neutralize the organic and inorganic acids generated by the oxidation of lubricating oil, prevent their further condensation, thus reducing the paint film, and also prevent the corrosion of these acidic substances on engine components.
2) Solubilization effect:
Detergent dispersants are surfactants that can solubilize solid or liquid substances that cannot be dissolved in oil at the center of a micelle composed of 5-20 surfactant molecules. During use, they solubilize oxygen-containing compounds containing hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl groups, nitro compounds, water, etc. into the micelle, forming a colloid to prevent further oxidation and condensation, Reduce the formation and accumulation of harmful deposits on engine components.
3) Dispersion effect:
It can adsorb solid small particles such as carbon deposits and paint films that have already been generated, making them a colloidal solution and dispersed in oil, preventing these substances from further condensing into large particles and adhering to the machine parts, or depositing into oil sludge.
4) Washing effect:
It can wash the paint film and carbon deposits that have been adsorbed on the surface of the components, disperse them in the oil, and keep the engine and metal surfaces clean.
The structure of detergent dispersants is basically composed of three functional groups: lipophilic, polar, and hydrophilic. Due to different structures, the performance of detergent dispersants varies. Generally speaking, ash containing additives have better detergency, while ash free additives have outstanding dispersibility.
The typical representatives of detergent dispersants are sulfonates, Alkylphenol salts, salicylates, succinimide, succinates and polymers. The first three are also known as ashy detergent dispersants, while the last three are called ashless detergent dispersants.